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Applications
PromoFectin provides highly effective and reliable delivery of nucleic acids into a variety of cell types, including many hard-to-transfect cell lines and primary cells such as human endothelial cells, fibroblasts and hepatocytes. It consists of a proprietary non-liposomal, cationic polymer that is stable, water-soluble and free of any components of animal origin. In contrast to many liposome-based transfection reagents, it shows very low toxicity and is therefore ideally suited even for transfection of very sensitive cells yielding optimal transfection efficiencies and gene expression. Transfection with PromoFectin typically requires no medium change and it can be used for highly effective delivery of plasmid DNA as well as oligonucleotides and siRNA into adherent and non-adherent cells. It compacts DNA into positively-charged, stable and protective complexes which bind to negatively-loaded cell-surface residues and enter the cell by endocytosis. In the endosome, PromoFectin acts as a "proton sponge", buffering the endosomal pH that leads to pH inhibition of endosomal nucleases and ensures stability of the complexes. Continuous proton influx leads to osmotic swelling and rupture of the endosome, allowing a very rapid and almost complete release of the nucleic acids into the cytosol. Moreover, PromoFectin also favors DNA trafficking to the cell nucleus - a property that is particularly useful for transfection of slow-dividing or resting cells.
We are also offering cell-specific, modified (e.g. ligand-conjugated) derivatives of PromoFectin that have been designed to optimize transfection results with sensitive, difficult-to-transfect primary human endothelial cells (such as HUVEC or HDMEC), macrophages and hepatocytes. Once inside the cell, PromoFectin's unique "proton sponge" property provides an excellent escape mechanism for DNA particles to the cytoplasm.
Using PromoFectin-HUVEC up to 50% transfection rates could be achieved with primary endothelial cells such as HUVEC and HDMEC and it may be better suited for this kind of fragile cell type than the broad-range PromoFectin. PromoFectin-HUVEC is ideally suited for transfection of endothelial cells (also vascular endothelial cells of other origin) - yielding almost the same transfection rates than with our MATra technology but being more gentle to these very sensitive cells. This results in less cell stress and better cell viability (i.e. vitality). While PromoFectin can typically remain on most cells without media changes and washes, we anyway recommend medium change when working with very sensitive cells.
Please request an offer for testing PromoFectin-HUVEC!
Note: Primary HUVECs, HDMECs and other endothelial cells as well as optimized media for these cells are available at PromoCell. >More information
PromoFectin-Hepatocyte has been designed for transfection of cells expressing galactose-specific membrane lectins and has been very successfully used to transfect primary hepatocytes as well as hepatocyte cell lines (e.g. BNL CL.2) and human hepatocarcinoma cells (e.g. HepG2) with up to 50% transfection efficiency and excellent cell viability. This PromoFectin derivative specifically targets cell surface receptors, leading to internalization of the complexed nucleic acids.
Please request an offer for testing PromoFectin-Hepatocyte!
Note: Primary human hepatocytes as well as optimized media for these cells are available at PromoCell.
>More information

PromoFectin-Macrophage has been developed for optimal transfection of the hard-to-transfect macrophages (e.g. primary human macrophages derived from blood monocytes) and macrophage-derived cell lines such as RAW 264.7 and works also with monocytes and dendritic cells. PromoFectin-Macrophage is a mannose-bearing variant of our standard PromoFectin reagent that binds to cells expressing mannose-specific membrane receptors - such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells - leading to enhanced internalization of the DNA complexes. PromoFectin-Macrophage is compatible with serum and antibiotics, thus eliminating the need for media changes.
Please request an offer for testing PromoFectin-Macrophage!

PromoFectin-Neuron Transfection Reagent is a unique cationic lipid that has been designed for highly efficient DNA transfection into neuronal cell lines, glial cells, and primary neurons. Compared to viral methods, it is much faster and more simple and yields clearly higher transfection rates than other commercially available broad-spectrum reagents.
PromoFectin-Neuron is the reagent of choice for optimal plasmid DNA delivery in hard-to-transfect primary neurons showing good transfection rates and minimal cytotoxicity. The polymer/DNA complexes are endocytosed into the cells, where the DNA is released and the cationic polymer is biodegraded in vivo.



Adipocyte cells: Primary human pre-adipocytes
Endothelial-like cells: BBMC; BAEC; HLMEC*, HUVEC*, H-MVEC, primary human HUVEC*, primary human HDMEC*
Epithelial-like cells: 2CSFMEo, 3LL, 56FHTE8o, 6CSFMEo, 9HTEo-, A549, AsPC-1, BxPC-3, CaCo2, Ca Ski, CFNPE90- CF, CFPEo, CFSMEo, CHO, D 407, DHD Pro.b, HeLa, Huh-7D12, IGROV1, MCF-7, MDA-MB435S, MDCK, MIAPaCa-2, MLE-12, MLE-15, MRC-5, Panc-1, PGHAM-1, SAOS-2, SiHa, SKOV3, U-2 OS
Fibroblast-like cells: BHK-21, COS-7, CV-1, HEK-293, L929, NIH 3T3, REF52, primary human skin fibroblasts (NHDF)
Hepatocyte-like cells: BNL CL.2**, Hepa 1-6, HepG2**, Huh-7**, M-PAC, primary mouse hepatocytes**, primary rat hepatocytes**, primary human hepatocytes**
Insect cells: S-2, Sf9
Keratinocytes: Primary human keratinocytes
Leukemia cells / lymphoblasts: Daudi, Jurkat, K562, Molt 4, Melanoma, B16-F10
Pancreatic carcinoma cells: BxPC-3, PanC-1
Myotubes / myoblasts / muscle cells: C2C12
Neuronal cells: CLBPEC, Neuro2A, PC12, SH-SY5Y, SHEP, SK-N-MC, primary chicken embryonic neurons, primary rat and mouse cortical neurons***, primary rat hippocampal neurons***, primary rat cerebellar granular neurons***, primary rat striatal neurons***
Chondrocytes: HCS-2/8
Glioblastoma: U87
* PromoFectin-HUVEC
** PromoFectin-Hepatocyte
*** PromoFectin-Neuron

See also: PromoCell's cell culture products - particularly cells and media for normal human cell culture. >More Information
Note: Transfection of primary human cells is also topic of a training course of our PromoCell Academy! >More Information